Monday, October 7, 2024

01 work, PORTRAIT OF A LADY, Jacques-Émile Blanche's Lady in Black (Élisabeth Greffulhe), with Footnotes. #233

Jacques-Émile Blanche (1861-1942)
Lady in Black, circa 1890
Portrait of the Countess of Greffuhle (Élisabeth Greffulhe)
Oil on canvas
63 x 49 in / 160.02 x 124.46 cm
Private collection

Estimated for GBP 80,000 – GBP 120,000 in Dec 2023

Countess Marie Anatole Louise Élisabeth Greffulhe (11 July 1860 – 21 August 1952) was a French socialite, known as a renowned beauty and queen of the salons of the Faubourg Saint-Germain in Paris.

She was born in Paris, the daughter of Joseph de Riquet de Caraman. Through her father, she was a granddaughter of Teresa Cabarrús, one of the leaders of Parisian social life during the Directory, and a great-granddaughter of memoirist Émilie Pellapra, who claimed to be a daughter of Napoleon.

The Duchess of Clermont-Tonnerre, wrote about Élisabeth: "The Comtesse Greffulhe is always beautiful and always elsewhere. But it would be a mistake to think that her life was merely the pursuit of pleasure (...) not only is she beautiful, but she is a lady. Preferring the privacy of her own house in the rue d'Astorg and at Bois-Boudran in the country, the Comtesse Greffulhe never dined out except at the British Embassy. When Edward VII came to Paris, he dined informally at her house. After a restricted youth (...) she set herself to attracting musicians, scholars, physicists, chemists, doctors."

The countess helped establish the art of James Whistler, and she actively promoted such artists as Auguste Rodin, Antonio de La Gandara and Gustave Moreau. Gabriel Fauré dedicated to her his Pavane, which received its first full performance, with the optional chorus, at a garden party she held in the Bois de Boulogne. She was a patron of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, and launched a fashion for greyhound racing. Fascinated by science, she helped Marie Curie to finance the creation of the Institute of Radium, and Édouard Branly to pursue his research on radio transmission and telemechanical systems.

She died in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 21 August 1952. More on Élisabeth Greffulhe

Jacques-Émile Blanche (French: 1 January 1861 – 20 September 1942) was a French artist born in Paris. He was brought up in the rich Parisian neighborhood of Passy in a house that had belonged to the Princesse de Lambal

Although Blanche received some instruction in painting, he may be regarded as self-taught. He became a very successful portrait painter, with a style derived from 18th-century English painters such as Thomas Gainsborough as well as Édouard Manet and John Singer Sargent. He worked in London, where he spent time from 1870 on, as well as Paris, where he exhibited at the Salon and the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. One of his closest friends was Marcel Proust, who helped edit several of Blanche's publications. He also knew Henry James and is mentioned in Gertrude Stein's The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas.

In 1902 Jacques-Émile Blanche took over the direction of the Académie de La Palette, where he would remain director until 1911. He taught at the Académie Vitti in 1903.

He was the author of the unreliable Portraits of a Lifetime: the late Victorian era: the Edwardian pageant: 1870–1914 (London: J.M. Dent, 1937) and More Portraits of a Lifetime, 1918–1938 (London: J.M. Dent, 1939), about which Walter Sickert said "he is liable to twist things he hears or doesn't into monstrous fibs". More on Jacques-Émile Blanche





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Monday, September 16, 2024

03 works, PORTRAIT OF A LADY, Lukas Dvorak's Indian Autumn, with Footnotes #213

Lukas Dvorak
Indian Autumn 1, c. 2014
Pigment print on Epson Fine ART paper
32" x 24" inch
Private collection

Lukas Dvorak describes his style as simple. “First and foremost, you must respect the beauty of a woman to capture it in its finest, most impressive form. The three elements of lighting, pose and facial expression must be dominated by simple, straight lines. I’m not a big fan of colour in portraits. For me, all the extra information that comes along with it seems to make photos void of emotion or character. Black and whites feel more beautiful and charismatic; they are better storytellers.” More on these photographs

Lukas Dvorak
Indian Autumn 2, c. 2014
Pigment print on Epson Fine ART paper
31 1/2 × 23 3/5 in | 80 × 60 cm
Private collection

Lukas Dvorak
Indian Autumn 3, c. 2014
Pigment print on Epson Fine ART paper
31 1/2 × 23 3/5 in | 80 × 60 cm
Private collection

Lukas Dvorak is a Czech photographer born in Prague in 1982. His preference goes to black and white photography, which he compliments with obvious talent. His photographs are characterized by intense emotions, sensuality and erotic tension. The choice of location is as important for him as the choice of model. With him, the blacks and whites are more charismatic than the images themselves, they are his best narrators. With Lukas, no studio work. In his creations, the surrounding nature is the best source of contrast and inspiration. Nothing can clothe better than nature, and that is why the female body should also be revealed in that way: without any pretence, as a reference to the myth of the original woman; like a return to the birth of Venus.

By presenting his models’ flawless, feminine curves in breathtaking scenery, Lukáš Dvořák contrasts their beauty with extraordinary, raw, and wild settings. Through the interplay of nature and nudity, his scenes carry an air of simplicity and pureness.

The artist describes his style as simple. As he explained in an interview, “First and foremost, you must respect the beauty of a woman to capture it in its finest, most impressive form. The three elements of lighting, pose, and facial expression…must be dominated by simple, straight lines.” His works betray no hint of the considerable time often required to find the perfect pose. A natural appearance is the most important factor for Dvořák; he presents his photographs in a timeless, pure aesthetic, devoting himself to the female nude with composure and continual innovation. The models have an authentic appearance and display a strong sense of character.

One of the most famous Czech photographers of his generation, Lukáš Dvořák rose to international prominence during the many years he spent working in Milan. Although his specialty is black and white nude photography, he has also shot images for renowned magazines such as Harper’s Bazaar, Vanity Fair, and Cosmopolitan. More on Lukas Dvorak




Please visit my other blogs: Art CollectorMythologyMarine ArtPortrait of a Lady, The OrientalistArt of the Nude and The Canals of VeniceMiddle East Artists365 Saints365 Days, and Biblical Icons, also visit my Boards on Pinterest and deviantart

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others. Some Images may be subject to copyright

I don't own any of these images - credit is always given when due unless it is unknown to me. if I post your images without your permission, please tell me.

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Saturday, September 14, 2024

04 works, PORTRAIT OF A LADY, The Night Watch, with Footnotes, #239

Unknown artist
The Night Watch 1
AI Generated
832 x 1216
freepik

Under a canopy of twinkling stars, the desert stretches endlessly, its undulating dunes shimmering silver in the moonlight. A cool breeze whispers ancient tales as it sweeps through the arid landscape. The air is alive with sounds of the night—a distant howl, the rustle of a lizard in the brush.

Unknown artist
The Night Watch 2
AI Generated
832 x 1216
freepik

Alma, the Desert Warrior, moves like a graceful shadow across the sands. With striking features framed by long, dark hair, she’s a formidable presence. Her attire, a flowing dark tunic, allows for fluid movement, blending seamlessly with the night. A glint of her metal armor carries the legacy of her ancestors.

Unknown artist
The Night Watch 3
AI Generated
832 x 1216
freepik

Validation of her role as protector is given weight by the solitude of the night. She patrols her land, fiercely dedicated to safeguarding her village from lurking dangers, be it marauding bandits or wild beasts that prowl beneath the veil of darkness.

Unknown artist
The Night Watch 4
AI Generated
832 x 1216
freepik

Alma was by far the most distinguished of women because of her many superior qualities, especially because of the bravery she demonstrated in defense of her people.

Islam elevated the status of women, treating them on an equal footing with a man. Women had a newfound independent identity, in the physical and spiritual spheres.

Islamic history is full of warrior women who fiercely fought for what they believed in, defended what they cherished, and defied all expectations and became legends.

The Warrior Woman is an ancient archetype that is not well known because the stories have been both forgotten and suppressed. Mythology is full of warrior goddesses.

Traditionally, the Bedouin were among the most dangerous of desert tribes, fighting among themselves when outsiders weren’t available. Constantly on the move to find new pastures for their livestock, they learned to live with the minimum of possessions and little external support in the harshest of lands. Loyalty to tribe and family was all that helped a warrior survive. More on Desert Warriors



Please visit my other blogs: Art CollectorMythologyMarine ArtPortrait of a Lady, The OrientalistArt of the Nude and The Canals of VeniceMiddle East Artists365 Saints365 Days, and Biblical Icons, also visit my Boards on Pinterest and deviantart

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others. Some Images may be subject to copyright

I don't own any of these images - credit is always given when due unless it is unknown to me. if I post your images without your permission, please tell me.

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Saturday, August 24, 2024

01 work, PORTRAIT OF A LADY, Henry Zaidan's "I watched a knight brake through the Byzantine ranks like an arrow", with Footnotes. #237

Henry Zaidan
Khawlah bint Al Azwar, dismounting
AI Generated

Khalid Ibn Al Walid (529-642AD), who was a companion of Prophet Mohammed, 
wrote: “In a battle that took place in Beit Lahia near Ajnadin, I watched a knight brake through the Byzantine ranks like an arrow." Khalid and the others followed her and joined battle.”

That black-clad knight was the Muslim Arab woman warrior Khawlah bint Al Azwar. Born in the seventh century in the area that today comprises Syria, Jordan and Lebanon, Khawlah’s beauty, bravery and poetry stood the test of time and become the stuff of legend.

“The mysterious warrior pounced on the enemy like a mighty hawk on a tiny sparrow in an attack that wreaked havoc in the Byzantine lines,” wrote the historian.

Khawlah was a daughter of one of the chiefs of the Bani Assad tribe, and had fought in many battles, and one of her more famed conquests is this battle as described by the historian, where she rode over to save her brother, Dirrar ibn Al Azwar, a commander in his own right, after he was captured by the Byzantine forces.

The Arabic and Islamic worlds are rich in tales of martial prowess, nobility, mercy and diplomacy, inspiring me to shine light on their powerful female figures and bring them back from the margins of history. More on this work




Please visit my other blogs: Art CollectorMythologyMarine ArtPortrait of a Lady, The OrientalistArt of the Nude and The Canals of VeniceMiddle East Artists365 Saints365 Days, and Biblical Icons, also visit my Boards on Pinterest

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others. Some Images may be subject to copyright

I don't own any of these images - credit is always given when due unless it is unknown to me. if I post your images without your permission, please tell me.

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Sunday, August 18, 2024

02 works, PORTRAIT OF A LADY, The Art of War, Felix Labisse's The Templars and Zenobia, with Footnotes #227

Felix Labisse
The Templars, c. 1973
Color lithograph on Arches
75,5 x 56 cm
Private collection

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, mainly known as the Knights Templar, was a French military order of the Catholic faith, and one of the wealthiest and most popular military orders in Western Christianity. They were founded c. 1119 to defend pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem, with their headquarters located there on the Temple Mount, and existed for nearly two centuries during the Middle Ages. More on The Templars

Félix Labisse
Zénobie, c. 1972
Oil on canvas
81 by 60cm., 31 7/8 by 23 5/8 in.
Private collection

Sold for 10,625 GBP in June 2017

Septimia Zenobia (240 – c. 274) was a third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. Many legends surround her ancestry; she was probably not a commoner and she married the ruler of the city, Odaenathus. Her husband became king in 260, elevating Palmyra to supreme power in the Near East by defeating the Sasanian Empire of Persia and stabilizing the Roman East. After Odaenathus' assassination, Zenobia became the regent of her son Vaballathus and held de facto power throughout his reign.

In 270, Zenobia launched an invasion that brought most of the Roman East under her sway and culminated with the annexation of Egypt. By mid-271 her realm extended from Ancyra, central Anatolia, to Upper Egypt, although she remained nominally subordinate to Rome. However, in reaction to the campaign of the Roman emperor Aurelian in 272, Zenobia declared her son emperor and assumed the title of empress, thus declaring Palmyra's secession from Rome. The Romans were victorious after heavy fighting; the empress was besieged in her capital and captured by Aurelian, who exiled her to Rome, where she spent the remainder of her life.

Zenobia was a cultured monarch and fostered an intellectual environment in her court, which was open to scholars and philosophers. She was tolerant toward her subjects and protected religious minorities. The empress maintained a stable administration, which governed a multicultural, multiethnic empire. Zenobia died after 274, and many tales have been recorded about her fate. Her rise and fall have inspired historians, artists and novelists, and she is a patriotic symbol in Syria. More on Zenobia


Félix Labisse (March 9, 1905 – January 27, 1982)
 was a French Surrealist painter, illustrator, and designer.

He was born in Marchiennes. He divided his time between Paris and the Belgian coast from 1927. In Ostend he met James Ensor, who influenced his work. Beginning in 1931 he designed for the theater. His paintings depict fantastical hybrid creatures, and are often erotic. He painted the first of a series of blue women in 1960; among them is the Bain Turquoise.

He was the subject of a film by Alain Resnais, Visite à Félix Labisse (1947). In 1966 he was elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts. In 1973 his paintings were shown in a retrospective exhibition at the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam. He died in Neuilly-sur-Seine in 1982. More on Félix Labisse




Please visit my other blogs: Art CollectorMythologyMarine ArtPortrait of a Lady, The OrientalistArt of the Nude and The Canals of VeniceMiddle East Artists365 Saints365 Days, and Biblical Icons, also visit my Boards on Pinterest and deviantart

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others. Some Images may be subject to copyright

I don't own any of these images - credit is always given when due unless it is unknown to me. if I post your images without your permission, please tell me.

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Friday, August 16, 2024

04 works, PORTRAIT OF A LADY, Ana Dias's Bedouin Desert Warriors, with Footnotes, #237

After Ana Dias
Medieval Arab (Bedouin) Desert Warrior 1
AI Generated
1152 × 896
deviantart

Islam elevated the status of women, treating them on an equal footing with a man. Women had a newfound independent identity, in the physical and spiritual spheres.

After Ana Dias
Medieval Arab (Bedouin) Desert Warrior 2
AI Generated
1152 × 896
deviantart

Islamic history is full of warrior women who fiercely fought for what they believed in, defended what they cherished, and defied all expectations and became legends.

The Warrior Woman is an ancient archetype that is not well known because the stories have been both forgotten and suppressed. Mythology is full of warrior goddesses.

After Ana Dias
Medieval Arab (Bedouin) Desert Warrior 3
AI Generated
1152 × 896
deviantart

Traditionally, the Bedouin were among the most dangerous of desert tribes, fighting among themselves when outsiders weren’t available. Constantly on the move to find new pastures for their livestock, they learned to live with the minimum of possessions and little external support in the harshest of lands. Loyalty to tribe and family was all that helped a warrior survive. More on Desert Warriors

After Ana Dias
Medieval Arab (Bedouin) Desert Warrior 4
AI Generated
davinci

Ana Dias (born 15 July 1984) is a Portuguese photographer, best known for her photography for Playboy magazine.

Ana Dias was born in Porto, Portugal, in 1984. She graduated from the Porto Superior School of Art in fine arts, specializing in drawing, in 2007. Having finished her education, she started teaching serigraphy, lithography and engraving at that institution. Her background in fine arts led her to photography, which came to be her primary way of artistic expression. As a photographer she works mainly with erotic femininity. More on Ana Dias





Please visit my other blogs: Art CollectorMythologyMarine ArtPortrait of a Lady, The OrientalistArt of the Nude and The Canals of VeniceMiddle East Artists365 Saints365 Days, and Biblical Icons, also visit my Boards on Pinterest and deviantart

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others. Some Images may be subject to copyright

I don't own any of these images - credit is always given when due unless it is unknown to me. if I post your images without your permission, please tell me.

I do not sell art, art prints, framed posters or reproductions. Ads are shown only to compensate the hosting expenses.

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Monday, April 8, 2024

12 works, PORTRAIT OF A LADY, Bouboulina, the Heroine naval captain during Greece's War of Independence, with Footnotes #212

Eugène Delacroix  (1798–1863)
La Grèce sur les ruines de Missolonghi/ Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi, c. 1826
Oil on canvas Edit this at Wikidata
height: 208 cm (81.8 in); width: 147 cm (57.8 in)
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux  

As confirmed by Delacroix, it is an allegory representing the defeat of the Greek insurgents at Missolonghi which fell on April 29, 1826 at the hands of the Turks. The news of the fall of the most powerful fortress of Greece mobilized the Philhellenes of Western Europe and revived sympathy for the Greeks. The siege of Missolonghi, the massacres and destruction that followed, became the symbol of the courage of the Greeks fighting for freedom, the liberation of their territory, but also of the fight to defend the Christian religion. We must also remember the death of Lord Byron on April 19, 1824 during a previous siege of the city. Inspired by an ode by the poet he admires, Delacroix gives Greece the features of a young woman in local costume. Bare chest and open arms, almost kneeling on the remains of a martyred city, she is the living condemnation of the force that fell on Greece in revolt and the triumphant symbol of the coming resurrection of this nation. 

The painting was exhibited in 1826 during an event organized by the Galerie Lebrun to raise public funds to support the Greek cause. More on this painting

Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school.

As a painter and muralist, Delacroix's use of expressive brushstrokes and his study of the optical effects of colour profoundly shaped the work of the Impressionists, while his passion for the exotic inspired the artists of the Symbolist movement. A fine lithographer, Delacroix illustrated various works of William Shakespeare, the Scottish author Walter Scott and the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Delacroix took for his inspiration the art of Rubens and painters of the Venetian Renaissance, with an attendant emphasis on colour and movement rather than clarity of outline and carefully modelled form. Dramatic and romantic content characterized the central themes of his maturity, and led him not to the classical models of Greek and Roman art, but to travel in North Africa, in search of the exotic. Friend and spiritual heir to Théodore Géricault, Delacroix was also inspired by Lord Byron, with whom he shared a strong identification with the "forces of the sublime", of nature in often violent action.

However, Delacroix was given to neither sentimentality nor bombast, and his Romanticism was that of an individualist. In the words of Baudelaire, "Delacroix was passionately in love with passion, but coldly determined to express passion as clearly as possible." More on Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix

Bouboulina was born in 1771 in Constantinople; she was the daughter of Stavrianos Pinotsis, a captain from Hydra island, and his wife Skevo (Paraskevi) Kokkini, descendant of the notable Byzantine Kokkinis family. The Ottomans had imprisoned Pinotsis for his part in the failed Orlov revolt of 1769–1770 against the Ottoman rule shortly after the birth of his daughter. Her father died soon afterward and the mother and child returned to Hydra. Bouboulina's family moved to Spetses when she was four years old. Her mother later married Spetsiot Dimitrios Lazarou-Orlov. Her stepfather encouraged her interest in sailing beyond the accepted social norms of the time, a decision which has been attributed to his admiration for Russian empress Catherine the Great.

Adam de Friedel
Bobolina, The distinguished Heroine from Spezia, c. 1830
I have no further description, at this time


Adam Friedel or Adam de Friedel or Adam Friedel von Friedelsburg (Adam Friedel, Adam de Friedel, Adam Friedel von Friedelsburg, circa 1780 -?) is a Danish philhellene and adventurer. He took part in the Greek Liberation War of 1821-1829. He is best known for his portraits of the heroes and leaders of the Greek Revolution.

The Greek Revolution of 1821 and the Greek War of Liberation against the Ottomans gave rise to the phenomenon of philhellenicism in the liberal circles of Europe. No more than 1,000 foreign volunteers took direct part in the war, of which 8 were Danes. Among the volunteers were revolutionaries, ideologists, romantics fed by classical culture. Among the volunteers there were many people who were looking for opportunities for a military and administrative career in a resurgent state and simply adventurers. One notable figure among the eight Danish philhellenes was Adam Friedel. 

When his expectations of a military career and pretensions for high officer ranks in a resurgent state were dispelled, Adam switched his activity to another field of activity and turned out to be a talented actor, musician and artist. With the help of a manual lithographic press, which he carried on his back, Adam began to make portraits of the leaders of the Greek Revolution. 

Series 24, "from life", portraits of the leaders of the Greek Revolution, on 4 sheets, with 6 portraits each, was printed by Adam after his return to England. The portraits were reprinted in 1826 and 1827 in Paris and London (on lithographs colored by Joseph Bouvier) and were sold in thousands of copies throughout Europe. Friedel's portraits rendered great assistance to the philhellenic committees of Europe to propagate the Greek cause and collect aid for the fighting Greece. More on Adam de Friedel

She married captain Dimitrios Yiannouzas with whom she had three children; Yiannouzas drowned during a battle against Algerian pirates. She later remarried the wealthy shipowner and captain Dimitrios Bouboulis, taking his surname. Bouboulis likewise drowned in a battle against Algerian pirates on 10 May 1811 off the shore of Lampedusa. Bouboulina took over his fortune and his trading business, acquiring shares in other Spetsiot ships. 

Adam de Friedel
Bobolina, The distinguished Heroine from Spezia, c. 1830
I have no further description, at this time

Bouboulina was visited by nationalist priest Papaflessas in 1818. Following her meeting with Papaflessas, she ordered the construction of a ship, the Agamemnon, that was larger than Ottoman regulations would allow. The Ottomans dispatched admiral Hussein to ensure Bouboulina adhered to Ottoman law. Bouboulina proceeded to bribe Hussein, who then signed a report indicating that the ship was a long range Spetsiot trade ship. 

Unknown artist
The 30,72 meter long Agamemnon, c. 1820
Armed with 18 (possibly 12pdr) long guns.
Property and flagship of Laskarina Bouboulina the only woman in world naval history, until recently, to hold the rank of Admiral.
 
The Agamemnon was burned by Andreas Miaoulis along with the frigate Hellas and the corvette Hydra in the naval base of Poros, during the Greek civil war in 1831.

Agamemnon was armed with 18 cannons and went on to become the first warship in modern-day Greece. Upon the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, Bouboulina sailed on the Agamemnon, which was commanded by her son Yiannis Yiannouzas, to Nafplion, along with another ship commanded by her half brother Manolis Lazarou-Orlov, imposing a naval blockade on the city on 4 April 1821. Bouboulina and Staikos Staikopoulos then appealed to the Spetsiots who dispatched seven more ships to assist in the siege. Bouboulina commanded great respect among the revolutionaries who nicknamed her Kapetanissa (Captain) and Kyra (Lady). 

Bouboulina’s sword
The Bouboulina Museum

On 10 April, the besieged Ottomans exploited the fact that the Greek sentries were celebrating Orthodox Easter, breaking through the siege. Bouboulina then disembarked at Myloi and traveled to Argos on horseback, supplying the local rebels with money and ammunition. In Argos, Bouboulina participated in a conference of local military commanders and kodjabashis, where the Greeks decided to resume the siege of Nafplion.

Peter von Hess
Laskarina Bouboulina
Bouboulina museum

Peter Heinrich Lambert von Hess ( 29 July 1792 , Düsseldorf – 4 April 1871, Munich ) was a German painter , known for history paintings, particularly of the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence.

Peter von Hess initially received training from his father Carl Ernst Christoph Hess . He accompanied his younger brother Heinrich Maria to Munich in 1806 and enrolled at the Munich Academy at the age of sixteen. He also trained with Wilhelm von Kobell .

During the Napoleonic Wars , he was allowed into the staff of General Wrede , who commanded the Bavarians in the military operations leading up to Napoleon 's abdication . There he acquired new war experiences and the pleasure of long journeys. During this period, von Hess painted his first battle pieces. In 1818 he spent some time in Italy where he painted various Italian scenes and landscapes and traveled to Naples with Joseph Petzl and a group of other Bavarian artists.

In 1833, at Ludovico 's request , he accompanied Otto of Greece to the newborn Kingdom of Greece , where in Athens he collected material for the paintings of the war of liberation. The sketches he made later were placed, in the number of forty, in the Picture Gallery, after being copied in wax on a large scale by Nilsen , in the northern arcades of the Hofgarten in Munich.

He is buried in the Alter Südfriedhof in Munich . More on Peter von Hess

The siege of Nafplion continued until the rebels became aware of the Kehaya Bey's force which had reached Corinth and was heading to relieve the siege. Her son Yiannis Yiannouzas then assembled troops from Argos, Spetses and Kranidi in order to check the Kehaya Bey's advance and was killed in May in the ensuing battle. Bouboulina subsequently traveled to the battlefield in order to collect her son's remains who was beheaded in the aftermath of the battle.  Bouboulina personally executed three Ottoman prisoners during her son's funeral ceremony. 

Anonymous-Greek
LASKARINA BOUBOULINA, 19C
Oil on canvas
75 x 90 cm. (29.5 x 35.4 in.)
Private collection

After failing to capture Argos, Kehaya Bey reinforced Nafplion's garrison and departed for Tripolitsa. Bouboulina then resumed the naval blockade of Nafplion. In May 1821, she blockaded Monemvasia with the Agamemnon, while the rest of the Spetsiot fleet remained off the shore of Nafplion. The garrison of Monemvasia surrendered on 25 July, at the same time another ship under her command resupplied Galaxidi. 

Bouboulina, c. 19th
Russian engraving

Bouboulina was well-known and respected in the Russian Empire. The Greek people - themselves Orthodox Christians, aroused a deep admiration among Russian society. 

Bouboulina - who was known as ‘Bobelina’ in Russia - was often portrayed on paintings (interestingly, always on horseback, instead of a ship) and the subject of numerous works of literary fiction - including those by the mighty Nikolay Gogol, Ivan Turgenev and Nikolay Leskov. 

Russian Emperor Aleksandr I, having heard of Laskarina’s death, posthumously awarded her the honorable rank of Admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy. In all of Russian history, she remains the only woman to have ever received the title. More on this work

Rumors of Bouboulina's exploits spread beyond Greece and many foreign philhellenes sought to meet her. During one such meeting in Astros, one foreign volunteer showed her a lithograph depicting her which he had purchased in Paris. The highly romanticized and inaccurate depiction caused Bouboulina to burst out laughing.

Laskarina Bouboulina, 19th-century painting
National Museum of History, Athens
I have no further description, at this time

In September 1821, she arrived in Tripolitsa which was besieged by the troops of general Theodoros Kolokotronis. The Ottomans were on the brink of surrender and were requesting a safe exit of the local officials along with their harems and release of a number of prisoners. Bouboulina took an active part in the negotiations, intervening to save the lives of the women from Hursit's harem upon Valide Sultan's request. Kolokotronis allowed only the officials of Albanian origin to depart the city. Three days later the city fell to the Greeks who massacred the local Muslim population and looted their properties. 

Unknown author
Bouboulina attacking Nafplion, c. early 19th century
Painting
Museum Bouboulina

After the fall of Tripolitsa, Bouboulina returned to Nafplion to personally oversee its blockade. On 22 November 1822, the Ottomans surrendered the Palamidi fortress. On 3 December 1822, the Ottoman population of Nafplion was allowed to safely depart for Asia Minor, surrendering the city to the Greeks. Bouboulina was appointed to one of the commissions tasked with redistributing the property of Nafplio's Muslim population, a position she abused for personal gain.

Eugène Delacroix  (1798–1863)
The Massacre at Chios
Oil on canvas
height: 419 cm (13.7 ft); width: 354 cm (11.6 ft)
Louvre Museum 

Francesco Hayez  (1791–1882)
Flight from Chios, c. 1839
Oil on canvas
height: 82 cm (32.2 in); width: 104 cm (40.9 in)
Private collection

Francesco Hayez (10 February 1791 – 21 December 1882) was an Italian painter, the leading artist of Romanticism in mid-19th-century Milan, renowned for his grand historical paintings, political allegories and exceptionally fine portraits.
Hayez came from a relatively poor family from Venice. He was brought up by his mother's sister, who had married a well-off shipowner and collector of art. From childhood he showed a predisposition for drawing, so his uncle apprenticed him to an art restorer. Later he became a student of the painter Francesco Maggiotto with whom he continued his studies for three years. He was admitted to the painting course of the New Academy of Fine Arts in 1806. In 1809 he won a competition from the Academy of Venice for one year of study at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. He remained in Rome until 1814, then moved to Naples where he was commissioned by Joachim Murat to paint a major work depicting Ulysses at the court of Alcinous. In the mid-1830s he attended the "Salotto Maffei" salon in Milan.
Francesco Hayez lived long and was prolific. His output spanned both historic paintings, and Neoclassic style grand themes, either from biblical or classical literature. He also painted scenes from theatrical presentations of his day.  More Francesco Hayez

Bouboulina then moved into a house in Nafplion. Bouboulina stayed in Nafplion until the outbreak of civil war of 1824 during which she supported the faction of Kolokotronis. After the defeat of her faction, Kolokotronis was imprisoned while her house in Nafplion was confiscated and she departed for Spetses. She was imprisoned for some time on false charges of witchcraft and heresy by her Spetsiot political opponents before being eventually released. 

Eugenia Koutsi and Bouboulina's son Georgios Yiannouzas had eloped, after the former was forced by her family to betroth a man she disliked. Bouboulina had supported her son's decision. On 22 May 1825, armed members of the Koutsis family went to Bouboulina's house, believing that the couple was hiding inside. When Bouboulina confronted them from the balcony, she was shot and killed by one of the armed men. More on Bouboulina




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